En este artículo se exploran algunas de las relaciones entre lenguaje y subjetividad presentes en el pensamiento de Emmanuel Lévinas, principalmente, en sus obras Totalidad e infinito y De otro modo que ser. Asimismo, se expone cómo, para Lévinas, la subjetividad y el lenguaje se implican mutuamente para cuestionar la primacía del discurso ontológico e idealizante en la tradición filosófica. Lo que permite concluir que para Lévinas la subjetividad y el lenguaje son indisociables porque comparten su significancia ética y no (...) ontológica u epistemológica. (shrink)

Esta obra recoge una selección de textos del profesor Carlos Paría, representativa de la vasta producción intelectual del autor. Los años de maestría que invirtió en la Universitat de València durante la difícil década de los sesenta, en una época que fue crucial para la articulación de su trascendente reflexión filosófica, lo vinculan a nuestra historia académica. Con la edición de este volumen, dentro de la colección Honoris Causa, se completa el propósito de recuperar su figura para la memoria (...) activa de la comunidad universitaria. (shrink)

Dentro del recorrido histórico que estamos haciendo de la cultura universal me llama la atención el castigo, pero tengo necesidad de advertir que la exigencia que me inspira a realizar este ensayo es más conceptual que histórica, pues el objetivo es examinar a grandes rasgos lo que ha significado el vocablo castigo en las diferentes épocas de la historia, es decir, tratar de establecer más su origen jurídico que el histórico, ya que con el primero se busca la fuente de (...) un derecho, mientras con el estudio del origen histórico se indaga un hecho. Lo anterior no obsta para que logremos ubicar algunos hechos, cosa que es muy propia de la historia. (shrink)

¿De qué forma es posible el pensamiento auténtico, como un acto libre y creador, en el mundo actual? Tal pregunta, arranque de este libro, es elaborada por Carlos París desde una doble perspectiva: desde la “agresión” que supone la actual “sociedad de masas programadas” -cuya capacidad de absorción engloba y manipula la misma “protesta”- y desde las exigencias de la racionalidad científica actual. Nacido en Bilbao en 1925, y catedrático desde 1951 en las Universidades de Santiago, Valencia y Autónoma (...) de Madrid, el profesor París ha sido testigo de excepción -además de activo protagonista- de la evolución experimentada por la filosofía española en el curso de los últimos veinte años. La introducción en nuestro país de la “filosofía científica”, que tanto habría de contribuir a la higienización del ambiente filosófico tras de su prolongado enrarecimiento por la escolástica de la postguerra, tuvo en él a uno de sus promotores más caracterizados. Ha sabido conjugar el interés por los problemas de la ciencia y la técnica modernas con un interés parejo por los problemas del hombre y la sociedad, como lo acreditan sus libros y publicaciones en revistas. Los trabajos incluidos en esta obra dan una idea de su investigación en una amplia gama de dominios, que discurren desde la antropología filosófica hasta la metodología científica. (shrink)

Es evidente que el progreso científico-tecnológico, el bienestar de las sociedades industrializadas y el deterioro del medio ambiente se encuentran profundamente relacionadas. Al minarse las bases de los ciudadanos, la preocupación social por lo ambiental se ha manifestado como una institución social de ese vínculo con la naturaleza demandando una nueva educación que incluya la reflexión y modificación de su relación material con el mundo.

Los interrogantes en torno a la política y a la verdad han acompañado el ejercicio filosófico a lo largo de su historia. Dado el contexto político actual, resulta innegable la necesidad de replantear insistentemente las posibles relaciones y configuraciones que pueden asumir tales conceptos, así como las problemáticas que involucra. Prueba de esto la otorga este número de la Revista, para el cual propusimos un dossier que permitiera reunir algunas reflexiones al respecto. Aunque las posibles perspectivas de análisis acerca de (...) la política y la verdad sean numerosas, nos contentamos con presentar algunas de ellas condesadas en las contribuciones recibidas en esta ocasión. (shrink)

Exploramos la discusión que propone Jacques Derrida acerca de las delimitaciones entre lo humano y lo no humano, para controvertir la excepcionalidad antropocéntrica y la figura del sujeto que le corresponde, esta última definida por la posibilidad de auto posicionarse en contraste con lo no humano y lo animal. Se muestra que en la filosofía derridiana la animalidad y la escritura despliegan figuras de la alteridad radical que problematizan los límites que definen lo humano y las características que se señalan (...) como lo propio y esencial del “hombre”, ya que, al estar regida por lo indecidible, la escritura es una mediación que contamina con su reiteracción y exterioridad. Esto es posible gracias a que la dinámica de la escritura en tanto que traza remite más allá de lo humano y de lo viviente, hacia lo técnico y artefactual. Lo que permite entrar en el debate de los posthumanismos, para confrontar dos posiciones que niegan a la filosofía derridiana lograr una crítica radical al humanismo y a las figuras de la subjetividad que implica. (shrink)

La última noche es un catálogo fotográfico lanzado en 2018 por el artista vallecaucano Juan José Horta, fruto de una edición e impresión independientes, llevadas a cabo mediante microfinanciación colectiva. El trabajo presenta de modo alternativo una de tantas instancias del proceso de paz en Colombia, culminado protocolariamente con la firma del acuerdo de septiembre de 2016: un episodio de desmovilización y entrega de armas por parte de miembros del grupo rebelde al margen de la ley Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de (...) Colombia. Por tanto, La última noche se enmarca en la temática del llamado pos-conflicto. (shrink)

El vínculo del arte con la filosofía es persistente en los escritos de Walter Benjamin, vínculo nunca ajeno a consideraciones religiosas, políticas e históricas; ya que arte y filosofía son formas de expresión en devenir histórico. Precisamente, los planteamientos sobre el lenguaje que realiza este filósofo son un punto de partida indispensable para su abordaje de cuestiones artísticas. Este texto se ocupará de mostrar cómo en “Sobre el lenguaje en general y sobre el lenguaje humano”, se prefiguran las relaciones entre (...) lenguaje, arte e historia que se desarrollarán en El origen del Trauerspiel alemán y que desembocarán en el estudio acerca de la alegoría como recurso alternativo al símbolo y de valor teórico para el estudio de las obras de arte. (shrink)

En esta edicción de la Revista presentamos una serie de artículos que en su diversidad temática y en sus diferentes énfoques teóricos tiene en común dos temas cruciales en la reflexión filósofica que hoy cuentan con extrema vigencia: la cuestion de la escritura y la de la subjetividad (en sus vertienes estética y política). En ese orden de ideas, resulta de gran relevancia el cumulo de debates aquí presentados, asi como las opciones teóricas para abordarlos.

Este número de la revista Disertaciones se presenta como un homenaje en memoria del profesor Jairo Urrea Henao. Nuestra portada lo presenta sentado en las inmediaciones del espacio de arte y memoria “Fragmentos” del Museo Nacional en Bogotá, un contra-monumento a la memoria de las victimas del conflicto en Colombia. Agradecemos a María Teresa Cruz Restrepo por su gentileza al aportarnos la fotografía que ella misma tomara de su compañero de vida. Incluso en diciembre del año 2020 contamos con la (...) compañía de Jairo. Gracias a las mediaciones tecnológicas que el contexto de pandemia había impuesto, su voz circulaba entre estudiantes y docentes del Programa de filosofía y de la Universidad del Quindío. A los cuales dedicó comprometida y tenazmente largos años de su enseñanza y de su comprensión del quehacer filosófico. (shrink)

El debate entre la autonomía o la utilidad de las obras de arte tiene un escenario especial en las artes que pasan por el lenguaje y por la escritura. Es por ello que al tratar sobre literatura y la poesía se confrontan posiciones divergentes respecto a la correspondencia de las obras con momentos históricos o con proyectos de intervención en la sociedad. Por el contrario, tambien se puede considerar si las obras son independientes de los acontecimientos del entorno social y (...) geográfico de su creación. La versión que Sartre nos ofrece de esta problemática es de relevancia para entender algunas variantes de estas disputas entre teóricos que aceptan o rechazan los postulados de este escritor francés, quien considera que la literatura debe asumir un compromiso y denunciar la situación de miseria en la sociedad para buscar cambiar esas condiciones. (shrink)

En los años recorridos de este siglo XXI la filosofía de la educación y la enseñanza de la filosofía, particularmente en Colombia e Iberoamérica, se han convertido en campos de acción y de profunda reflexión. Dado que ponen en discusión la relación de las filosofías con su pasado, con las instituciones y llevan necesariamente a preguntarnos por su quehacer en el presente y sus condiciones a futuro. Los debates teóricos y la confrontación de perspectivas han venido ganando fuerza, como lo (...) evidencia la producción académica derivada de resultados de investigación, y las reflexiones realizadas por docentes de filosofía en facultades o programas de filosofía al igual que en los espacios universitarios de formación en educación. Un buen número de publicaciones de artículos de revistas y libros, así como contenidos en formatos de radio, blogs y otros posibilitados por plataformas de internet y redes sociales, dan cuenta de esta fructífera y necesaria producción intelectual en un área que es igualmente importante y necesaria para la formación y quehacer filosófico en Colombia e Iberoamérica. Además, es destacable la periódica realización de congresos internacionales, nacionales y las asociaciones que tienen a la enseñanza de la filosofía y a su relación con el discurso y la práxis educativa como nodos importantes. (shrink)

Given a topological Ramsey space math formula, we extend the notion of semiselective coideal to sets math formula and study conditions for math formula that will enable us to make the structure math formula a Ramsey space and also study forcing notions related to math formula which will satisfy abstract versions of interesting properties of the corresponding forcing notions in the realm of Ellentuck's space. This extends results from to the most general context of topological Ramsey spaces. As applications, we (...) prove that for every topological Ramsey space math formula, under suitable large cardinal hypotheses every semiselective ultrafilter math formula is generic over math formula; and that given a semiselective coideal math formula, every definable subset of math formula is math formula-Ramsey. This generalizes the corresponding results for the case when math formula is equal to Ellentuck's space. (shrink)

Comparing food taboos across 78 cultures, this paper demonstrates that meat, though a prized food, is also the principal target of proscriptions. Reviewing existing explanations of taboos, we find that both functionalist and symbolic approaches fail to account for meat's cross-cultural centrality and do not reflect experience-near aspects of food taboos, principal among which is disgust. Adopting an evolutionary approach to the mind, this paper presents an alternative to existing explanations of food taboos. Consistent with the attendant risk of pathogen (...) transmission, meat has special salience as a stimulus for humans, as animal products are stronger elicitors of disgust and aversion than plant products. We identify three psychosocial processes, socially-mediated ingestive conditioning, egocentric empathy, and normative moralization, each of which likely plays a role in transforming individual disgust responses and conditioned food aversions into institutionalized food taboos. (shrink)

In current Western societies, increasing numbers of people express their desire to choose when to die. Allowing people to choose the moment of their death is an ethical issue that should be embedded in sound clinical and legal frameworks. In the case of persons with dementia, it raises further ethical questions such as: Does the person have the capacity to make the choice? Is the person being coerced? Who should be involved in the decision? Is the person’s suffering untreatable? The (...) use of Advance Euthanasia Directives (AED) is suggested as a way to deal with end-of-life wishes of persons with dementia. However, in the Netherlands—the only country in which this practice is legal—the experiences of patients, doctors, and relatives have been far from satisfactory.Our paper analyses this complex ethical challenge from a Dignity-Enhancing Care approach, starting from the Dutch experiences with AED as a case. We first consider the lived experiences of the different stakeholders, seeking out a dialogical-interpretative understanding of care. We aim to promote human dignity as a normative standard for end-of-life care practices. Three concrete proposals are then presented in which this approach can be operationalised in order to deal respectfully with the end-of-life choices of persons with dementia. (shrink)

This article seeks to identify the theoretical tools that supported Michel de Certeau's political discernment during the crisis of May 1968 in France. De Certeau's ability to elucidate the novelty and complexity of this event is linked to the intertwining of his experiences as a historian, traveller (voyageur), and Christian (specifically a Jesuit). De Certeau's articulation of a 'theology of difference' allowed him to construct the intellectual and spiritual tools that enabled a lucid discernment of May 1968. Through this theology, (...) derived from negative theology, de Certeau made the experience of faith operative at a moment of cultural crisis. The article also analyses possibilities involved in the ‘rupture’, that is, the fracture that is implied in modernity; in the notion of an event that highlights the deficiency of language, its incapacity to establish ‘a truthful communication’ in society; and the recognition of the poetic dimension of speech, which is capable of interweaving speech and action. The May 1968 event invites these elements mutually to redefine themselves. (shrink)

Much has been said about intuitionistic and classical logical systems since Gentzen’s seminal work. Recently, Prawitz and others have been discussing how to put together Gentzen’s systems for classical and intuitionistic logic in a single unified system. We call Prawitz’ proposal the Ecumenical System, following the terminology introduced by Pereira and Rodriguez. In this work we present an Ecumenical sequent calculus, as opposed to the original natural deduction version, and state some proof theoretical properties of the system. We reason that (...) sequent calculi are more amenable to extensive investigation using the tools of proof theory, such as cut-elimination and rule invertibility, hence allowing a full analysis of the notion of Ecumenical entailment. We then present some extensions of the Ecumenical sequent system and show that interesting systems arise when restricting such calculi to specific fragments. This approach of a unified system enabling both classical and intuitionistic features sheds some light not only on the logics themselves, but also on their semantical interpretations as well as on the proof theoretical properties that can arise from combining logical systems. (shrink)

The objective of the present review on the evolution of Green Chemistry, since its emergence until 2016, aimed an integrated vision of its progress along the three phases of its development: emergence, divulgation and consolidation. The methodology involved the analysis of a selection of bibliography on the evolution of GC collected from issues of the ACS symposia series; editorials in specialized GC journals; and commemorative birthday papers/editorials of these journals and of the GC itself. The analysis allowed to identify and (...) discuss the characteristics and conceptions of GC agents about fundamental concepts and procedures, in order to visualize and better understand the state of knowledge and the subject areas that make up the field. The main alterations identified in the evolution of GC were: it acquired a better defined identity, with more participation of academy and increased scope; was progressively framed in sustainability; has been aspiring to a holistic frame and to a change on the nature of the innovation for its implementation, from incremental to transformative. The analysis suggests that for supporting expansion and consolidation of GC the following aspects deserve attention: full validation of chemical greenness by metrics; better characterization of the frontiers of GC research areas/themes; increased integration between academy and industry; and penetration in chemistry curricula. Its basic philosophy being the practice of a chemistry more focused on the environment preservation, GC means a new stage in nature and in the history of Chemistry. (shrink)

In this paper, we try to expose the fundamental ideas at the basis of Jorge Millas’ axiology. First, we will expose synoptically the core of the legal philosophy that the Chilean thinker develops on his works on the subject, including his conception about philosophy in general , and about legal science in particular . Secondly, we will expose the epistemological suppositions of his legal philosophy , and his consequent conception of law’s essence , the legal rule and its foundation, and (...) the axiological theory that Millas develops on the basis of the distinction and relationship between “is” and “ought” . We conclude with a critical analysis that pretends to expose the strengths and weaknesses of the legal theory of this Chilean author. (shrink)

This paper builds on existing research investigating CSR and ethical consumption within luxury contexts, and makes several contributions to the literature. First, it addresses existing knowledge gaps by exploring the ways in which consumers perform ethical luxury purchases of fine jewellery through interpretive research. Second, the paper is the first to examine such issues of consumer ethics by extending the application of theories of practice to a luxury product context, and by building on Magaudda’s :15–36, 2011) circuit of practice framework. (...) This is significant in that, to date, consumer research using practice theories has focused mainly on routine and habitual practices. Our findings and discussion provide an analysis of intentional and less intentional ethical consumer performances within the interconnected nexus of activities of consumers’ fine jewellery consumption practice, where meanings, understandings and intelligibility of social phenomena are worked through the various activities that shape such a practice. Finally, the paper concludes with significant managerial and policy-related implications, as our extended circuit of practice analysis conveys that if ethics and sustainability dimensions are to be embedded in fine jewellery consumption practice, they must first be made an intrinsic part of the nexus of the social and material environment of trading and consumption places. (shrink)

The author deals with one aspect of the justification of governmental action and its product (the law). He focuses on the authoritative character of legal rule, analyzing the apparent capacity of governments to produce reasons for action not grounded on substantive moral considerations. The assumption of that capacity seems necessary in order to establish a general moral obligation to obey a government irrespective of the actions required. This question is faced in connection with the thesis that only a particular form (...) of government, democracy, is morally justified insofar as it rests on legal rules issued by a legitimate source. (shrink)

This article examines India’s response to the global soil health crisis. A longstanding centre of agricultural production and innovation, India has recently launched an ambitious soil health programme. The country’s Soil Health Card (SHC) Scheme intervenes in farm-scale decisions about efficient fertiliser use, envisioning farmers as managers and soil as a substrate for production. India is also home to one of the world’s largest alternative agriculture movements: natural farming. This puts farmer expertise at the centre of soil fertility and attends (...) to the wider ecological health of soils. Despite emerging as a mode of resistance to dominant agricultural systems, natural farming is now being delivered in increasingly bureaucratic ways by India’s state governments. This article offers Himachal Pradesh as a case study in how the soil is governed, drawing on 38 semi-structured interviews with scientists, agricultural officers, non-governmental organisation leaders, and activists. Rather than assess approaches to soil health according to their ecological bottom line, we examine the differing forms of knowledge, expertise and ‘truth’ in the SHC and Natural Farming approaches. Our analysis reveals discontinuities in how farmers are imagined, as well as continuities in how quasi-spiritual language combines in a bionationalist project, positing assumptions about the correct arrangement of life in nationalist terms. We point to a shift toward hybrid and pick-and-mix approaches to soil health, as farmers and their organisers are increasingly invested with the capacities to combine multiple options. We see a fracturing of expertise and the opening up of epistemic pluralism in responses to the soil fertility crisis. (shrink)

We use Bayesian tools to assess Law’s skeptical argument against the historicity of Jesus. We clarify and endorse his sub-argument for the conclusion that there is good reason to be skeptical about the miracle claims of the New Testament. However, we dispute Law’s contamination principle that he claims entails that we should be skeptical about the existence of Jesus. There are problems with Law’s defense of his principle, and we show, more importantly, that it is not supported by Bayesian considerations. (...) Finally, we show that Law’s principle is false in the specific case of Jesus and thereby show, contrary to the main conclusion of Law’s argument, that biblical historians are entitled to remain confident that Jesus existed. (shrink)

Stakeholder theory has largely been anthropocentric in its focus on human actors and interests, failing to recognise the impact of nonhumans in business and organisations. This leads to an incomplete understanding of organisational contexts that include key relationships with nonhuman animals. In addition, the limited scholarly attention paid to nonhumans as stakeholders has mostly been conceptual to date. Therefore, we develop a stakeholder theory with animals illustrated through two ethnographic case studies: an animal shelter and Nordic husky businesses. We focus (...) our feminist reading of Driscoll and Starik’s (J Bus Ethics 49:55–73, 2004) stakeholder attributes for nonhumans and extend this to include affective salience built on embodied affectivity and knowledge, memories, action and care. Findings reveal that nonhuman animals are important actors in practice, affecting organisational operations through human–animal care relationships. In addition to confirming animals are stakeholders, we further contribute to stakeholder theory by offering ways to better listen to nontraditional actors. (shrink)

“Epistemic Dexterity: A Ramseyian Account of Epistemic Virtue” by Abrol Fairweather & Carlos Montemayor: A modification of F.P. Ramsey’s success semantics supports a naturalized theory of epistemic virtue that includes motivational components and can potentially explain both epistemic reliability and responsibility with a single normative-explanatory principle. An “epistemic Ramsey success” will also provide a better account of the “because of” condition central to virtue-reliabilist accounts of knowledge from Greco, Sosa and Pritchard. Ramsey said that the truth condition of a (...) belief is the condition that guarantees the success of desires based on that belief. Taken as a theory of epistemic achievements, the truth condition for the attribution of an epistemic achievement is the condition that guarantees the success of epistemic desires and is also a success based on abilities attributable to the agent. One of its major advantages is that it may be the best way to achieve a naturalistic version of the etiologcal requirement on knowledge in virtue epistemology while also supporting important responsibilist desiderata. The account defended is robustly agent-centered in the straightforward sense that individual desires are partly constitutive of epistemic successes like having a rational belief, justified belief, and even of knowledge once we see the both the reliabilist and repsonsibilist desiderata are met. Another important aspect of the paper is that it provides a plausible psychology for virtue epistemology that is grounded in important empirical findings on agency, and thus constitutes a form of naturalized virtue epistemology. (shrink)

The Weber thesis on a hypothetical imprint of Protestantism in the «spirit» of capitalism has been widely spread. Not willing to discredit his proposal, the truth is that, being falsifiable with difficulty, some careless wordings have been derived from it claiming to explain the present economical circumstances through differential religious facts. Being religion an unparalleled all covering feature, such circumstances depend on many factors. It has been claimed some scientific status through the most diverse socioeconomic data. This is something also (...) applicable to those who claim to refute him. The intoxication so emanated from the Weber’s work seems disconcerting, seeing in it from an attempt to legitimate capitalism to a confirmation of the Black Legend. This work does not try to support or reject the thesis, but to investigate the kind of issues that could cause its formulation. For this purpose, it focuses on less usual questions, such as the analysis of the doctrinal features of Protestantism from which the Weber’s arguments would arise. (shrink)

We used 7,415 advertisements published in Spain to analyze traits sought/offered by men and women from different age groups. Findings regarding age, socioeconomic status, and physical attractiveness requirements support evolutionary predictions about mate preferences. However, changes in trait preferences among women under 40 appear to be contingent on Spain’s socioeconomic transformation. Women under 40 seek mainly physical attractiveness in men, whereas those over 40 seek mainly socioeconomic status. The trait most sought by men in all age groups is physical attractiveness. (...) Traits sought and offered by advertisers may be conditioned by the personal situation of the advertiser. Mean age of advertisers (around their forties) and Spain’s social indicators suggest that the majority of advertisers have been unsuccessful in the mating arena at the conventional age. (shrink)

With this article we intend to explore the concept of «esthetical object» proposed in Dufrenne’s text entitled La Phénoménologie de l’experience estéthique I. The potentiality/activity binomial appears as the ground for Dufrenne’s definition of esthetical object as perceived work of art. According to this, the happening of any artwork truly finds its proper place in esthetical experience, which arises as the meeting point of art’s expressive potentiality and the spectator’s perception act. Establishing an accurate distinction between esthetical perception and other (...) kinds of human perception, Dufrenne sees the former as the pure presence of the sensitive. Advocating the inseparability of significant and signification for the esthetical object, the author declares the meaning of esthetical experience as immanent to its own sensitive presentation. Dufrenne presents authentic esthetical perception as something, which has the power to, engage subjectivity in a radical experience. Under the light projected by the work of art, human beings are enabled to actualise other modes of being-in-the-world. With expression as its proper signifying mode, the esthetical object reveals itself as a world beginning, proposing an affective atmosphere, which opens the subject of esthetical experience to new existential possibilities. (shrink)

We propose a definition of weak o-minimality for structures expanding a Boolean algebra. We study this notion, in particular we show that there exist weakly o-minimal non o-minimal examples in this setting.

El presente artículo es una reflexión sobre los paisajes naturales y los jardines como paisajes construidos, a fin de hacer comprensible su importancia en las ciudades, así como la necesidad de reincorporarlos a la vida citadina y al diseño urbano. Para ello, me he centrado en las consideraciones filosóficas de Simmel y Watsuji sobre el tema, con el propósito de mostrar que el encuentro poéti- co entre la naturaleza y su contemplador no sólo permite reconoce el carácter particular o Stimmung (...) del paisaje natural con el cual nos vinculamos, sino que, al habitar poéticamente con la naturaleza, se manifiesta nuestro Kimochi, éste revela nuestro vínculo existencial e histórico con el clima y los eventos naturales, nos invita a desarrollar un lazo cultural existencial con los demás y con nosotros mismos. De ahí la necesidad de incorporar la naturaleza en las ciudades y apren- der a habitar poéticamente con ella. (shrink)

In the third century b.c.e., Eratosthenes of Cyrene made a famous measurement of the circumference of the Earth. This was not the first such measurement, but it is the earliest for which significant details are preserved. Cleomedes gives a short account of Eratosthenes’ method, his numerical assumptions, and the final result of 250,000 stades. However, many ancient sources attribute to Eratosthenes a result of 252,000 stades. Historians have attempted to explain the second result by supposing that Eratosthenes later made better (...) measurements and revised his estimate or that the original result was simply rounded to 252,000 to have a number conveniently divisible by 60 or by 360. These explanations are speculative and untestable. However, Eratosthenes’ estimates of the distances of the Sun and Moon from the Earth are preserved in the doxographical literature. This essay shows that Eratosthenes’ result of 252,000 stades for the Earth’s circumference follows from a solar distance that is attributed to him. Thus it appears that Eratosthenes computed not only a lower limit for the size of the Earth, based on the assumption that the Sun is at infinity, but also an upper limit, based on the assumption that the Sun is at a finite distance. The essay discusses the consequences for our understanding of his program. (shrink)

This paper explores various notions of aesthetic affordance recently developed through embodied, situated and enactive approaches to aesthetic experience by Maria Brincker and Shaun Gallagher, and the similarities and differences between them and the idea of affective affordance put forward by Joel Krueger and Giovanna Colombetti. This discussion is a way to try to offer some answers to the question of what aesthetic affordances particularly afford compared to affective affordances. I will focus on the affordances that we perceive during various (...) aesthetic experiences in which we find ourselves more moved by the object, event or person(s) causing the experience than we had anticipated. I will argue that these experiences emerge as opportunities to carry out an active exploration of aspects of the narrative self that we feel is related to features of the experience; and that one particular brain network likely to be involved in these experiences – i.e. the default network – might help us to understand how these experiences meaningfully change our relationship with ourselves and with the social context of which we are a part. (shrink)

In this essay, we intend to show that Peter Klein and Marshall Swain defeasibility theories do not resolve the Gettier problem. Klein postulates, to any Gettier counterexample, that there is a true proposition which, when associated with evidence-e of S, genuinely defeats the justification of p to S. Swain postulates that, to any Gettier-type counterexample, there is a true proposition which, when associated with the set of reasons-R of S, ultimately defeats the justification of S to believe p. To show (...) that Klein an Swain proposals do not resolve that problem, this essay presents two Gettier-type counterexamples for which there are no genuine defeaters of justification of p by e to S and there are no defeaters not ultimately defeated of the justification of the belief of S that p by R. After doing that, we try to show that the obtained conclusion regarding Klein and Swain defeasibility theories can be extended to any defeasibility theory of knowledge. • DOI:10.5007/1808-1711.2010v14n2p175. (shrink)

Theologian-philosopher, Júlio Moreira Fragata, has defended in 1954 his graduation (degree) as a doctor at the Gregorian University, his thesis entitled The Phenomenology of Husserl as foundation of the Philosophy. Among this author’s varied works, this one is the work which we had set out, given its importance for the phenomenology in Portugal. Besides, our study is aimed to be a pedagogical support and for the least exercised in these subjects, it is a light introduction to the phenomenological thought. Divided (...) in two parts: > and «Some considerations on the fragatian conception ofEdmund Husserl’s phenomenology>>, this text still intends to explain that the true foundation of the philosophy, for the author, is the phenomenology, this means, the direct observation of that which shows itselfto the conscience through the evidence of the things, in spite of his theological concerns. (shrink)

Analyzing Mediumistic Mentation - Alvarado Proposal for Short List of Best Papers in Parapsychology - Levin Kauffman Stokes.